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test_positional_only_arg.py
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"""Unit tests for the positional only argument syntax specified in PEP 570.""" import dis import pickle import unittest from test.support import check_syntax_error def global_pos_only_f(a, b, /): return a, b def global_pos_only_and_normal(a, /, b): return a, b def global_pos_only_defaults(a=1, /, b=2): return a, b class PositionalOnlyTestCase(unittest.TestCase): def assertRaisesSyntaxError(self, codestr, regex="invalid syntax"): with self.assertRaisesRegex(SyntaxError, regex): compile(codestr + "\n", "<test>", "single") def test_invalid_syntax_errors(self): check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a, b = 5, /, c): pass", "non-default argument follows default argument") check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a = 5, b, /, c): pass", "non-default argument follows default argument") check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a = 5, b=1, /, c, *, d=2): pass", "non-default argument follows default argument") check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a = 5, b, /): pass", "non-default argument follows default argument") check_syntax_error(self, "def f(*args, /): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "def f(*args, a, /): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "def f(**kwargs, /): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "def f(/, a = 1): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "def f(/, a): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "def f(/): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "def f(*, a, /): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "def f(*, /, a): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a, /, a): pass", "duplicate argument 'a' in function definition") check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a, /, *, a): pass", "duplicate argument 'a' in function definition") check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a, b/2, c): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a, /, c, /): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a, /, c, /, d): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a, /, c, /, d, *, e): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "def f(a, *, c, /, d, e): pass") def test_invalid_syntax_errors_async(self): check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a, b = 5, /, c): pass", "non-default argument follows default argument") check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a = 5, b, /, c): pass", "non-default argument follows default argument") check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a = 5, b=1, /, c, d=2): pass", "non-default argument follows default argument") check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a = 5, b, /): pass", "non-default argument follows default argument") check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(*args, /): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(*args, a, /): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(**kwargs, /): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(/, a = 1): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(/, a): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(/): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(*, a, /): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(*, /, a): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a, /, a): pass", "duplicate argument 'a' in function definition") check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a, /, *, a): pass", "duplicate argument 'a' in function definition") check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a, b/2, c): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a, /, c, /): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a, /, c, /, d): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a, /, c, /, d, *, e): pass") check_syntax_error(self, "async def f(a, *, c, /, d, e): pass") def test_optional_positional_only_args(self): def f(a, b=10, /, c=100): return a + b + c self.assertEqual(f(1, 2, 3), 6) self.assertEqual(f(1, 2, c=3), 6) with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'b'"): f(1, b=2, c=3) self.assertEqual(f(1, 2), 103) with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'b'"): f(1, b=2) self.assertEqual(f(1, c=2), 13) def f(a=1, b=10, /, c=100): return a + b + c self.assertEqual(f(1, 2, 3), 6) self.assertEqual(f(1, 2, c=3), 6) with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'b'"): f(1, b=2, c=3) self.assertEqual(f(1, 2), 103) with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'b'"): f(1, b=2) self.assertEqual(f(1, c=2), 13) def test_syntax_for_many_positional_only(self): # more than 255 positional only arguments, should compile ok fundef = "def f(%s, /):\n pass\n" % ', '.join('i%d' % i for i in range(300)) compile(fundef, "<test>", "single") def test_pos_only_definition(self): def f(a, b, c, /, d, e=1, *, f, g=2): pass self.assertEqual(5, f.__code__.co_argcount) # 3 posonly + 2 "standard args" self.assertEqual(3, f.__code__.co_posonlyargcount) self.assertEqual((1,), f.__defaults__) def f(a, b, c=1, /, d=2, e=3, *, f, g=4): pass self.assertEqual(5, f.__code__.co_argcount) # 3 posonly + 2 "standard args" self.assertEqual(3, f.__code__.co_posonlyargcount) self.assertEqual((1, 2, 3), f.__defaults__) def test_pos_only_call_via_unpacking(self): def f(a, b, /): return a + b self.assertEqual(f(*[1, 2]), 3) def test_use_positional_as_keyword(self): def f(a, /): pass expected = r"f\(\) got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'a'" with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, expected): f(a=1) def f(a, /, b): pass expected = r"f\(\) got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'a'" with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, expected): f(a=1, b=2) def f(a, b, /): pass expected = r"f\(\) got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'a, b'" with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, expected): f(a=1, b=2) def test_positional_only_and_arg_invalid_calls(self): def f(a, b, /, c): pass with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 1 required positional argument: 'c'"): f(1, 2) with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 2 required positional arguments: 'b' and 'c'"): f(1) with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 3 required positional arguments: 'a', 'b', and 'c'"): f() with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) takes 3 positional arguments but 4 were given"): f(1, 2, 3, 4) def test_positional_only_and_optional_arg_invalid_calls(self): def f(a, b, /, c=3): pass f(1, 2) # does not raise with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 1 required positional argument: 'b'"): f(1) with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 2 required positional arguments: 'a' and 'b'"): f() with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) takes from 2 to 3 positional arguments but 4 were given"): f(1, 2, 3, 4) def test_positional_only_and_kwonlyargs_invalid_calls(self): def f(a, b, /, c, *, d, e): pass f(1, 2, 3, d=1, e=2) # does not raise with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"missing 1 required keyword-only argument: 'd'"): f(1, 2, 3, e=2) with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"missing 2 required keyword-only arguments: 'd' and 'e'"): f(1, 2, 3) with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 1 required positional argument: 'c'"): f(1, 2) with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 2 required positional arguments: 'b' and 'c'"): f(1) with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r" missing 3 required positional arguments: 'a', 'b', and 'c'"): f() with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) takes 3 positional arguments but 6 positional arguments " r"\(and 2 keyword-only arguments\) were given"): f(1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, d=7, e=8) with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) got an unexpected keyword argument 'f'"): f(1, 2, 3, d=1, e=4, f=56) def test_positional_only_invalid_calls(self): def f(a, b, /): pass f(1, 2) # does not raise with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 1 required positional argument: 'b'"): f(1) with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 2 required positional arguments: 'a' and 'b'"): f() with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) takes 2 positional arguments but 3 were given"): f(1, 2, 3) def test_positional_only_with_optional_invalid_calls(self): def f(a, b=2, /): pass f(1) # does not raise with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 1 required positional argument: 'a'"): f() with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) takes from 1 to 2 positional arguments but 3 were given"): f(1, 2, 3) def test_no_standard_args_usage(self): def f(a, b, /, *, c): pass f(1, 2, c=3) with self.assertRaises(TypeError): f(1, b=2, c=3) def test_change_default_pos_only(self): def f(a, b=2, /, c=3): return a + b + c self.assertEqual((2,3), f.__defaults__) f.__defaults__ = (1, 2, 3) self.assertEqual(f(1, 2, 3), 6) def test_lambdas(self): x = lambda a, /, b: a + b self.assertEqual(x(1,2), 3) self.assertEqual(x(1,b=2), 3) x = lambda a, /, b=2: a + b self.assertEqual(x(1), 3) x = lambda a, b, /: a + b self.assertEqual(x(1, 2), 3) x = lambda a, b, /, : a + b self.assertEqual(x(1, 2), 3) def test_invalid_syntax_lambda(self): check_syntax_error(self, "lambda a, b = 5, /, c: None", "non-default argument follows default argument") check_syntax_error(self, "lambda a = 5, b, /, c: None", "non-default argument follows default argument") check_syntax_error(self, "lambda a = 5, b, /: None", "non-default argument follows default argument") check_syntax_error(self, "lambda *args, /: None") check_syntax_error(self, "lambda *args, a, /: None") check_syntax_error(self, "lambda **kwargs, /: None") check_syntax_error(self, "lambda /, a = 1: None") check_syntax_error(self, "lambda /, a: None") check_syntax_error(self, "lambda /: None") check_syntax_error(self, "lambda *, a, /: None") check_syntax_error(self, "lambda *, /, a: None") check_syntax_error(self, "lambda a, /, a: None", "duplicate argument 'a' in function definition") check_syntax_error(self, "lambda a, /, *, a: None", "duplicate argument 'a' in function definition") check_syntax_error(self, "lambda a, /, b, /: None") check_syntax_error(self, "lambda a, /, b, /, c: None") check_syntax_error(self, "lambda a, /, b, /, c, *, d: None") check_syntax_error(self, "lambda a, *, b, /, c: None") def test_posonly_methods(self): class Example: def f(self, a, b, /): return a, b self.assertEqual(Example().f(1, 2), (1, 2)) self.assertEqual(Example.f(Example(), 1, 2), (1, 2)) self.assertRaises(TypeError, Example.f, 1, 2) expected = r"f\(\) got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'b'" with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, expected): Example().f(1, b=2) def test_module_function(self): with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 2 required positional arguments: 'a' and 'b'"): global_pos_only_f() def test_closures(self): def f(x,y): def g(x2,/,y2): return x + y + x2 + y2 return g self.assertEqual(f(1,2)(3,4), 10) with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"g\(\) missing 1 required positional argument: 'y2'"): f(1,2)(3) with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"g\(\) takes 2 positional arguments but 3 were given"): f(1,2)(3,4,5) def f(x,/,y): def g(x2,y2): return x + y + x2 + y2 return g self.assertEqual(f(1,2)(3,4), 10) def f(x,/,y): def g(x2,/,y2): return x + y + x2 + y2 return g self.assertEqual(f(1,2)(3,4), 10) with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"g\(\) missing 1 required positional argument: 'y2'"): f(1,2)(3) with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"g\(\) takes 2 positional arguments but 3 were given"): f(1,2)(3,4,5) def test_annotations_in_closures(self): def inner_has_pos_only(): def f(x: int, /): ... return f assert inner_has_pos_only().__annotations__ == {'x': int} class Something: def method(self): def f(x: int, /): ... return f assert Something().method().__annotations__ == {'x': int} def multiple_levels(): def inner_has_pos_only(): def f(x: int, /): ... return f return inner_has_pos_only() assert multiple_levels().__annotations__ == {'x': int} def test_same_keyword_as_positional_with_kwargs(self): def f(something,/,**kwargs): return (something, kwargs) self.assertEqual(f(42, something=42), (42, {'something': 42})) with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) missing 1 required positional argument: 'something'"): f(something=42) self.assertEqual(f(42), (42, {})) def test_mangling(self): class X: def f(self, __a=42, /): return __a def f2(self, __a=42, /, __b=43): return (__a, __b) def f3(self, __a=42, /, __b=43, *, __c=44): return (__a, __b, __c) self.assertEqual(X().f(), 42) self.assertEqual(X().f2(), (42, 43)) self.assertEqual(X().f3(), (42, 43, 44)) def test_too_many_arguments(self): # more than 255 positional-only arguments, should compile ok fundef = "def f(%s, /):\n pass\n" % ', '.join('i%d' % i for i in range(300)) compile(fundef, "<test>", "single") def test_serialization(self): pickled_posonly = pickle.dumps(global_pos_only_f) pickled_optional = pickle.dumps(global_pos_only_and_normal) pickled_defaults = pickle.dumps(global_pos_only_defaults) unpickled_posonly = pickle.loads(pickled_posonly) unpickled_optional = pickle.loads(pickled_optional) unpickled_defaults = pickle.loads(pickled_defaults) self.assertEqual(unpickled_posonly(1,2), (1,2)) expected = r"global_pos_only_f\(\) got some positional-only arguments "\ r"passed as keyword arguments: 'a, b'" with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, expected): unpickled_posonly(a=1,b=2) self.assertEqual(unpickled_optional(1,2), (1,2)) expected = r"global_pos_only_and_normal\(\) got some positional-only arguments "\ r"passed as keyword arguments: 'a'" with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, expected): unpickled_optional(a=1,b=2) self.assertEqual(unpickled_defaults(), (1,2)) expected = r"global_pos_only_defaults\(\) got some positional-only arguments "\ r"passed as keyword arguments: 'a'" with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, expected): unpickled_defaults(a=1,b=2) def test_async(self): async def f(a=1, /, b=2): return a, b with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'a'"): f(a=1, b=2) def _check_call(*args, **kwargs): try: coro = f(*args, **kwargs) coro.send(None) except StopIteration as e: result = e.value self.assertEqual(result, (1, 2)) _check_call(1, 2) _check_call(1, b=2) _check_call(1) _check_call() def test_generator(self): def f(a=1, /, b=2): yield a, b with self.assertRaisesRegex(TypeError, r"f\(\) got some positional-only arguments passed as keyword arguments: 'a'"): f(a=1, b=2) gen = f(1, 2) self.assertEqual(next(gen), (1, 2)) gen = f(1, b=2) self.assertEqual(next(gen), (1, 2)) gen = f(1) self.assertEqual(next(gen), (1, 2)) gen = f() self.assertEqual(next(gen), (1, 2)) def test_super(self): sentinel = object() class A: def method(self): return sentinel class C(A): def method(self, /): return super().method() self.assertEqual(C().method(), sentinel) def test_annotations_constant_fold(self): def g(): def f(x: not (int is int), /): ... # without constant folding we end up with # COMPARE_OP(is), IS_OP (0) # with constant folding we should expect a IS_OP (1) codes = [(i.opname, i.argval) for i in dis.get_instructions(g)] self.assertNotIn(('UNARY_NOT', None), codes) self.assertIn(('IS_OP', 1), codes) if __name__ == "__main__": unittest.main()