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: / usr / share / nmap / nselib /
Filename : drda.lua
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---
-- DRDA Library supporting a very limited subset of operations.
--
-- Summary
-- * The library currently provides functionality to: (1) Query the server for
-- basic settings using the <code>getServerInfo</code> function of the helper
-- class. (2) Authenticate to a DB2 server using a plain-text username and
-- password.
--
-- The library contains the following classes:
-- * <code>DRDA</code>
-- ** Implements the Distributed Relational Database Architecture class .
-- * <code>DRDAParameter</code>
-- ** Implements a number of functions to handle DRDA parameters.
-- * <code>DDM</code>
-- ** Implements the DDM portion of the DRDA structure
-- * <code>Command</code>
-- ** Provides functions for easy creation of the most common DRDAs.
-- ** Implemented as a static class that returns an instance of the DRDA.
-- * <code>Helper</code>
-- ** A helper class that provides easy access to the rest of the library
-- * <code>DB2Socket</code>
-- ** A smallish socket wrapper that provides fundamental buffering
-- * <code>StringUtil</code>
-- ** Provides EBCDIC/ASCII conversion functions
-- * <code>Comm</code>
-- ** Provides fundamental communication support (send/receive DRDAPacket)
-- * <code>DRDAPacket</code>
-- ** A class holding one or more DRDA's and provides some basic access methods
--
-- The following sample code illustrates how scripts can use the Helper class
-- to interface with the library:
--
-- <code>
--	db2helper = drda.Helper:new()
--	status, err = db2helper:connect(host, port)
--	status, res = db2helper:getServerInfo()
--	status, err = db2helper:close()
-- </code>
--
-- The implementation is based on packet dumps and the excellent decoding
-- provided by Wireshark. 
--
-- There is some documentation at
-- http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/infocenter/dzichelp/v2r2/topic/com.ibm.db29.doc.drda/db2z_drda.htm.
--
-- @copyright Same as Nmap--See http://nmap.org/book/man-legal.html
-- @author "Patrik Karlsson <patrik@cqure.net>"
--

--
-- Version 0.2
-- Created 05/08/2010 - v0.1 - created by Patrik Karlsson <patrik@cqure.net>
-- Revised 07/27/2010 - v0.2 - Added the comm class and made a few improvements
--							   to sending and receiving packets. Changed the
--							   helper login method to support:
--								x IBM DB2
--								x Apache Derby
--								x IBM Informix Dynamic Server

local bin = require "bin"
local bit = require "bit"
local match = require "match"
local nmap = require "nmap"
local stdnse = require "stdnse"
local string = require "string"
local table = require "table"
_ENV = stdnse.module("drda", stdnse.seeall)

-- CodePoint constants
CodePoint = {
	CODEPNT		= 0x000c,
	TYPDEFNAM	= 0x002f,
	TYPDEFOVR	= 0x0035,
	ACCSEC		= 0x106d,
	SECCHK		= 0x106e,
	EXCSAT 		= 0x1041,
	PRDID			= 0x112e,
	SRVCLSNM 	= 0x1147,
	SVRCOD		= 0x1149,
	SYNERRCD	= 0x114a,
	SRVRLSLV 	= 0x115a,
	EXTNAM 		= 0x115e,
	SRVNAM 		= 0x116d,
	USRID			= 0x11a0,
	PASSWORD	= 0x11a1,
	SECMEC		= 0x11a2,
	SECCHKCD	= 0x11a4,
	SECCHKRM	= 0x1219,
	SYNTAXRM	= 0x124c,
	MGRLVLLS 	= 0x1404,
	EXCSATRD	= 0x1443,
	ACCSECRD	= 0x14ac,
	ACCRDB		= 0x2001,
	PRDDATA		= 0x2104,
	RDBACCL		= 0x210f,
	RDBNAM		= 0x2110,
	CRRTKN		= 0x2135,
	ACCRDBRM	= 0x2201,
	RDBNFNRM	= 0x2211,
	RDBAFLRM	= 0x221a,
	RDBATHRM	= 0x22cb,
}

-- Security Mechanism
SecMec =
{
	USER_PASSWORD = 0x0003,
	USER_ONLY = 0x0004,
	CHANGE_PASSWORD = 0x0005,
	USER_PASS_SUBST	= 0x0006,
	USER_ENC_PASS = 0x0007,
	ENC_USER_ENC_PASS = 0x0009,
	ENC_CHANGE_PASS	= 0x000A,
	KERBEROS = 0x000B,
	ENC_USER_DATA = 0x000C,
	ENC_USER_ENC_PASS_ENC_DATA = 0x000D,
	ENC_USER_ENC_PASS_ENC_NEWPASS_ENC_DATA = 0x000E,
}

DRDAPacket = {
	
	new = function(self, drda_array)
		local o = {
			drda_array = drda_array,
			count = #drda_array
		}
		setmetatable(o, self)
		self.__index = self
		return o
	end,

	getDRDAByCodePoint = function( self, codepoint )
		for i=1, #self.drda_array do
			if ( self.drda_array[i].DDM.CodePoint == codepoint ) then
				return self.drda_array[i]
			end
		end
	end,
	
	getDRDA = function( self, n )
		return ( #self.drda_array >= n ) and self.drda_array[n] or nil
	end,
	
	__tostring = function( self )
		local data = ""
		-- do some DDM fixup in here
		for i=1, #self.drda_array do
			if ( i == 1 and #self.drda_array > 1 ) then
				self.drda_array[1].DDM.Format = 0x41
			else
				self.drda_array[i].DDM.Format = 0x01
			end
			self.drda_array[i].DDM.CorelId = i
			data = data .. tostring(self.drda_array[i])
		end
		return data
	end
	
}

-- Distributed Relational Database Architecture (DRDA) Class
DRDA = {
	
	new = function(self, ddm)
		local o = {
			Parameters = {},
			DDM = ddm
		}
		setmetatable(o, self)
		self.__index = self
		return o
	end,
	
	--- Sets the DDM 
	--
	-- @param ddm DDM to assign to the DRDA
	-- @return status boolean true on success, false on failure
	setDDM = function( self, ddm )
		if ( not(ddm) ) then
			return false, "DDM cannot be nil"
		end
		self.DDM = ddm
		return true
	end,
	
	--- Adds a DRDA parameter to the table
	--
	-- @param param DRDAParam containing the parameter to add to the table
	-- @return status bool true on success, false on failure
	-- @return err string containing the error message if status is false
	addParameter = function( self, param )
		if ( not(self.DDM) ) then
			stdnse.print_debug("drda.DRDA.addParameter: DDM must be set prior to adding parameters")
			return false, "DDM must be set prior to adding parameters"
		end
		if ( not(param) ) then
			stdnse.print_debug("drda.DRDA.addParameter: Param cannot be nil")
			return false, "Param cannot be nil"
		end
		
		table.insert(self.Parameters, param)
	
		-- update the DDM length fields
		self.DDM.Length = self.DDM.Length + param.Length
		self.DDM.Length2 = self.DDM.Length2 + param.Length
		
		return true
	end,
	
	--- Gets a parameter from the DRDA parameter table
	--
	-- @param codepoint number containing the parameter type ro retrieve
	-- @return param DRDAParameter containing the requested parameter
	getParameter = function( self, codepoint )
		for _, v in ipairs( self.Parameters ) do
			if ( v.CodePoint == codepoint ) then
				return v
			end
		end	
		return
	end,
	
	--- Converts the DRDA class to a string
	--
	-- @return data containing the object instance		
	__tostring = function(self)
		if ( not(self.DDM) ) then
			stdnse.print_debug("drda.DRDA.toString: DDM cannot be nil")
			return nil
		end
		
		local data = bin.pack(">SCCSSS", self.DDM.Length, self.DDM.Magic, self.DDM.Format, self.DDM.CorelId, self.DDM.Length2, self.DDM.CodePoint )
		for k,v in ipairs(self.Parameters) do
			data = data .. tostring(v)
		end
		return data
	end,
	
	--- Sends the DRDA over the db2socket
	--
	-- @param db2socket DB2Socket over which to send the data
	-- @return Status (true or false).
	-- @return Error code (if status is false).
	send = function( self, db2socket )
		return db2socket:send( tostring(self) )
	end,
	
	--- Receives data from the db2socket and builds a DRDA object
	--
	-- @param db2socket from which to read data
	-- @return Status (true or false).
	-- @return Data (if status is true) or error string (if status is false).	
	receive = function( self, db2socket )
		local DDM_SIZE = 10
		local pos = 1
		
		-- first read atleast enough so that we can populate the DDM
		local status, data = db2socket:receive_buf( match.numbytes(DDM_SIZE), true )
		if ( not(status) ) then
			stdnse.print_debug("drda.DRDA.receive: %s", data)
			return false, ("Failed to read at least %d bytes from socket"):format(DDM_SIZE)
		end
		
		local ddm = DDM:new()
		ddm:fromString( data )
		self:setDDM( ddm )
		
		status, data = db2socket:receive_buf( match.numbytes(ddm.Length - 10), true )
		if ( not(status) ) then
			return false, ("Failed to read the remaining %d bytes of the DRDA message")
		end

		-- add parameters until pos reaches the "end"
		repeat
			local param = DRDAParameter:new()
			pos = param:fromString( data, pos )
			self:addParameter( param )
		until ( #data <= pos )
			
		return true
	end,

}

-- The DRDAParameter class implements the DRDA parameters
DRDAParameter = {
		
	--- DRDA Parameter constructor
	--
	-- @param codepoint number containing the codepoint value
	-- @param data string containing the data portion of the DRDA parameter
	-- @return o DRDAParameter object 
	new = function(self, codepoint, data)
		local o = {
			CodePoint = codepoint,
			Data = data,
			Length = ( data and #data + 4 or 4 )
		}
		setmetatable(o, self)
		self.__index = self
		return o
	end,

	--- Converts the DRDA Parameter object to a string
	--
	-- @return data string containing the DRDA Parameter
	__tostring = function( self )
		local data = bin.pack(">SS", self.Length, self.CodePoint )	
		if ( self.Data ) then
			data = data .. bin.pack("A", self.Data)
		end
		return data
	end,
	
	--- Builds a DRDA Parameter from a string
	--
	-- @param data string from which to build the DRDA Parameter
	-- @param pos number containing the offset into data
	-- @return pos the new position after processing, -1 on error
	fromString = function( self, data, pos )
		if( #data < 4 ) then
			return -1
		end
		pos, self.Length, self.CodePoint = bin.unpack( ">SS", data, pos )

		-- make sure the Length is assigned a value even though 0(nil) is returned
		self.Length = self.Length or 0

		if ( self.Length > 0 ) then
			pos, self.Data = bin.unpack("A" .. self.Length - 4, data, pos )
		end
		return pos
	end,
	
	--- Returns the data portion of the parameter as an ASCII string
	--
	-- @return str containing the data portion of the DRDA parameter as ASCII
	getDataAsASCII = function( self )
		return StringUtil.toASCII( self.Data )
	end,
	
	--- Returns the data in EBCDIC format
	--
	-- @return str containing the data portion of the DRDA parameter in EBCDIC
	getData = function( self )
		return self.Data
	end,

}

-- Distributed data management (DDM)
DDM = {
	
	Formats =
	{
		RESERVED 		 = 0x80,
		CHAINED  		 = 0x40,
		CONTINUE 		 = 0x20,
		SAME_CORRELATION = 0x10,
	},
	
	Length = 10,
	Magic = 0xD0,
	Format = 0x41,
	CorelId = 1,
	Length2 = 4,
	CodePoint = 0,

	--- Creates a new DDM packet
	--
	-- @param codepoint
	-- @param format
	-- @param corelid
	-- @return DDM object
	new = function(self, codepoint, format, corelid)
		local o = {
			CodePoint = codepoint,
			Format = format,
			CorelId = corelid
		}
		setmetatable(o, self)
		self.__index = self
		return o
	end,

	--- Converts the DDM object to a string
	__tostring = function( self )
		return bin.pack(">SCCSSS", self.Length, self.Magic, self.Format, self.CorelId, self.Length2, self.CodePoint)
	end,
	
	--- Constructs a DDM object from a string
	--
	-- @param str containing the data from which to construct the object
	fromString = function( self, str )
		local DDM_SIZE = 10
		local pos = 1
		
		if ( #str < DDM_SIZE ) then
			return -1, ("drda.DDM.fromString: str was less than DDM_SIZE (%d)"):format( DDM_SIZE )
		end
		
		pos, self.Length, self.Magic, self.Format, self.CorelId, self.Length2, self.CodePoint = bin.unpack( ">SCCSSS", str )
		return pos
	end,
	
	--- Verifiers if there are additional DRDA's following
	--
	-- @return true if the DRDA is to be chained, false if it's the last one	
	isChained = function( self )
		if ( bit.band( self.Format, DDM.Formats.CHAINED ) == DDM.Formats.CHAINED ) then
			return true
		end
		return false
	end,
	
	--- Set the DRDA as chained (more following)
	--
	-- @param chained boolean true if more DRDA's are following
	setChained = function( self, chained )
		if ( self:isChained() ) then
			self.Format = bit.bxor( self.Format, self.Formats.CHAINED )
		else
			self.Format = bit.bor( self.Format, self.Formats.CHAINED )
		end
	end,
	
}

-- static DRDA packet construction class
Command = 
{
	--- Builds an EXCSAT DRDA packet
	--
	-- @param extname string containing the external name
	-- @param srvname string containing the server name
	-- @param rellev string containing the server product release level
	-- @param mgrlvlls string containing the manager level list
	-- @param srvclass string containing the server class name
	-- @return drda DRDA instance
	EXCSAT = function( extname, srvname, rellev, mgrlvlls, srvclass )
		local drda = DRDA:new( DDM:new( CodePoint.EXCSAT ) )
	
		drda:addParameter( DRDAParameter:new( CodePoint.EXTNAM, StringUtil.toEBCDIC( extname ) ) )
		drda:addParameter( DRDAParameter:new( CodePoint.SRVNAM, StringUtil.toEBCDIC( srvname ) ) )
		drda:addParameter( DRDAParameter:new( CodePoint.SRVRLSLV, StringUtil.toEBCDIC( rellev ) ) )
		drda:addParameter( DRDAParameter:new( CodePoint.MGRLVLLS, mgrlvlls ) )
		drda:addParameter( DRDAParameter:new( CodePoint.SRVCLSNM, StringUtil.toEBCDIC( srvclass ) ) )

		return drda
	end,
	
	--- Builds an ACCSEC DRDA packet
	--
	-- @param secmec number containing the security mechanism ID
	-- @param database string containing the database name
	-- @return drda DRDA instance
	ACCSEC = function( secmec, database )
		local drda = DRDA:new( DDM:new( CodePoint.ACCSEC ) )
		drda:addParameter( DRDAParameter:new( CodePoint.SECMEC, secmec ))
		drda:addParameter( DRDAParameter:new( CodePoint.RDBNAM, StringUtil.toEBCDIC(StringUtil.padWithChar(database,' ', 18)) ))
	
		return drda
	end,

	--- Builds a SECCHK DRDA packet
	--
	-- @param secmec number containing the security mechanism ID
	-- @param database string containing the database name
	-- @param username string
	-- @param password string
	-- @return drda DRDA instance	
	SECCHK = function( secmec, database, username, password )
		local drda = DRDA:new( DDM:new( CodePoint.SECCHK ) )
		drda:addParameter( DRDAParameter:new( CodePoint.SECMEC, secmec ))
		drda:addParameter( DRDAParameter:new( CodePoint.RDBNAM, StringUtil.toEBCDIC(StringUtil.padWithChar(database,' ', 18)) ))
		drda:addParameter( DRDAParameter:new( CodePoint.USRID, StringUtil.toEBCDIC(username) ) )
		drda:addParameter( DRDAParameter:new( CodePoint.PASSWORD, StringUtil.toEBCDIC(password) ) )
		
		return drda
	end,
	
	--- Builds an ACCRDB DRDA packet
	--
	-- @param database string containing the database name
	-- @param rdbaccl string containing the RDB access manager class
	-- @param prdid string containing the product id
	-- @param typdefnam string containing the data type definition name
	-- @param typdefovr string containing the data type definition override
	-- @return drda DRDA instance		
	ACCRDB = function( database, rdbaccl, prdid, prddata, typdefnam, crrtkn, typdefovr )
		local drda = DRDA:new( DDM:new( CodePoint.ACCRDB ) )
		drda:addParameter( DRDAParameter:new( CodePoint.RDBNAM, StringUtil.toEBCDIC(StringUtil.padWithChar(database,' ', 18)) ) )

		if ( rdbaccl ) then
			drda:addParameter( DRDAParameter:new( CodePoint.RDBACCL, rdbaccl ) )
		end
		if ( prdid ) then
			drda:addParameter( DRDAParameter:new( CodePoint.PRDID, StringUtil.toEBCDIC( prdid ) ) )
		end
		if ( prddata ) then
			drda:addParameter( DRDAParameter:new( CodePoint.PRDDATA, StringUtil.toEBCDIC( prddata ) ) )
		end
		if( typdefnam ) then
			drda:addParameter( DRDAParameter:new( CodePoint.TYPDEFNAM, StringUtil.toEBCDIC( typdefnam ) ) )
		end
		if( crrtkn ) then
			drda:addParameter( DRDAParameter:new( CodePoint.CRRTKN, crrtkn ) )
		end
		if( typdefovr ) then
			drda:addParameter( DRDAParameter:new( CodePoint.TYPDEFOVR, typdefovr ) )
		end
		
		return drda
	end
	
}


-- Helper Class
Helper = {

	new = function(self)
		local o = {}
		setmetatable(o, self)
		self.__index = self
		return o
	end,
	
	--- Connect to the DB2 host
	--
	-- @param host table
	-- @param port table
	-- @return Status (true or false).
	-- @return Error code (if status is false).	
	connect = function( self, host, port )
		self.comm = Comm:new( host, port )
		return self.comm:connect()
	end,

	--- Closes an open connection.
	--
	-- @return Status (true or false).
	-- @return Error code (if status is false).	
	close = function( self )
		self.comm:close()
	end,
	
	--- Returns Server Information (name, platform, version)
	--
	-- @return table containing <code>extname</code>, <code>srvclass</code>, 
	--				<code>srvname</code> and <code>prodrel</code>
	getServerInfo = function( self )
		local mgrlvlls = bin.pack("H", "1403000724070008240f00081440000814740008")
		local drda_excsat = Command.EXCSAT( "", "", "", mgrlvlls, "" )
		local response, param, err
	
		local status, packet = self.comm:exchDRDAPacket( DRDAPacket:new( { drda_excsat } ) )
		if ( not(status) ) then	return false, err end
	
		local drda = packet:getDRDAByCodePoint( CodePoint.EXCSATRD )
		if ( drda ) then
			response = {}
			param = drda:getParameter( CodePoint.EXTNAM )
			if ( param ) then
				response.extname = param:getDataAsASCII()
			end
			param = drda:getParameter( CodePoint.SRVCLSNM )
			if ( param ) then
				response.srvclass = param:getDataAsASCII()
			end
			param = drda:getParameter( CodePoint.SRVNAM )
			if ( param ) then
				response.srvname = param:getDataAsASCII()
			end
			param = drda:getParameter( CodePoint.SRVRLSLV )
			if ( param ) then
				response.prodrel = param:getDataAsASCII()
			end
		else
			return false, "The response contained no EXCSATRD"	
		end
		
		return true, response	
	end,
	
	--- Login to DB2 database server
	--
	-- @param database containing the name of the database
	-- @param username containing the authentication username
	-- @param password containing the authentication password
	-- @return Status (true or false)
	-- @return err message (if status if false)
	login = function( self, database, username, password )
		local mgrlvlls = bin.pack("H", "1403000724070008240f00081440000814740008")
		local secmec, prdid = "\00\03", "JCC03010"
		local tdovr = bin.pack("H", "0006119c04b80006119d04b00006119e04b8")
		local crrtkn= bin.pack("H", "d5c6f0f0f0f0f0f14bc3c6f4c4012a11168414")
		
		local drda_excsat = Command.EXCSAT( "", "", "", mgrlvlls, "" )
		local drda_accsec = Command.ACCSEC( secmec, database )
		local drda_secchk = Command.SECCHK( secmec, database, username, password )
		local drda_accrdb = Command.ACCRDB( database, string.char(0x24,0x07), "DNC10060", nil, "QTDSQLASC",  crrtkn, tdovr)
				
		local status, packet = self.comm:exchDRDAPacket( DRDAPacket:new( { drda_excsat, drda_accsec } ) )
		if( not(status) ) then return false, packet end
		
		if ( packet:getDRDAByCodePoint( CodePoint.RDBNFNRM ) or
			 packet:getDRDAByCodePoint( CodePoint.RDBAFLRM ) ) then
			stdnse.print_debug("drda.Helper.login: ERROR: RDB not found")
			return false, "ERROR: Database not found"
		end
		
		local drda = packet:getDRDAByCodePoint( CodePoint.ACCSECRD )
		if ( not(drda) ) then
			return false, "ERROR: Response did not contain any valid security mechanisms"
		end
		
		local param = drda:getParameter( CodePoint.SECMEC )
		if ( not(param) ) then
			stdnse.print_debug("drda.Helper.login: ERROR: Response did not contain any valid security mechanisms")
			return false, "ERROR: Response did not contain any valid security mechanisms"
		end
		
		if ( select(2, bin.unpack(">S", param:getData())) ~= SecMec.USER_PASSWORD ) then
			stdnse.print_debug("drda.Helper.login: ERROR: Securite Mechanism not supported")
			return false, "ERROR: Security mechanism not supported"
		end
		
		status, packet = self.comm:exchDRDAPacket( DRDAPacket:new( { drda_secchk, drda_accrdb } ) )
		if( not(status) ) then return false, "ERROR: Login failed" end

		--
		-- At this point we have a few differences in behaviour
		--  * DB2 has told us earlier if the DB does not exist
		--  * Apache Derby will do so here, regardless of the login was
		--    successfull or not
		--  * Informix will tell us that the DB does not exist IF the
		--    login was successfull
		--
		-- Therefore the order of these checks are important!!
		if ( packet:getDRDAByCodePoint( CodePoint.ACCRDBRM ) ) then
			return true
		-- Apache Derby responds differently with usernames containing spaces
		elseif ( packet:getDRDAByCodePoint( CodePoint.RDBATHRM ) ) then
			return false, "ERROR: Login failed"
		-- Informix responds with a SECCHKRM DDM response
		elseif ( packet:getDRDAByCodePoint( CodePoint.SECCHKRM ) ) then
			drda = packet:getDRDAByCodePoint( CodePoint.SECCHKRM )
			param= drda:getParameter( CodePoint.SECCHKCD )
			if ( param and param:getData() == "\0" ) then
				return true
			end
		elseif ( packet:getDRDAByCodePoint( CodePoint.RDBNFNRM ) or
			 packet:getDRDAByCodePoint( CodePoint.RDBAFLRM ) ) then
			return false, "ERROR: Database not found"
		end
		return false, "ERROR: Login failed"
	end,
	
}

-- The communication class
Comm = {
	
	new = function(self, host, port)
		local o = {
			host = host,
			port = port,
			socket = nmap.new_socket()
		}
		setmetatable(o, self)
		self.__index = self
		return o
	end,
	
	connect = function(self)
		return self.socket:connect(self.host, self.port)
	end,
	
	close = function(self)
		return self.socket:close()
	end,
	
	recvDRDA = function( self )
		local drda_tbl = {}
		
		repeat
			local drda = DRDA:new()
			local status, err = drda:receive( self.socket )
			if ( not(status) ) then
				return false, err
			end
			table.insert(drda_tbl, drda)
		until ( not(drda.DDM:isChained()) )
		return true, drda_tbl
	end,
	
	--- Sends a packet to the server and receives the response
	--
	-- @param DRDAPacket
	-- @return status true on success, false on failure
	-- @return packet an instance of DRDAPacket
	exchDRDAPacket = function( self, packet )
		local drda, err
		local status, err = self.socket:send( tostring(packet) )
		
		if ( not(status) ) then
			stdnse.print_debug("drda.Helper.login: ERROR: DB2Socket error: %s", err )
			return false, ("ERROR: DB2Socket error: %s"):format( err )
		end
		
		status, drda = self:recvDRDA()
		if( not(status) ) then
			stdnse.print_debug("drda.Helper.login: ERROR: DB2Socket error: %s", drda )
			return false, ("ERROR: DB2Socket error: %s"):format( drda )
		end
		return true, DRDAPacket:new( drda )
	end
	
}

-- EBCDIC/ASCII Conversion tables
a2e_hex = 			 "00010203372D2E2F1605250B0C0D0E0F101112133C3D322618193F271C1D1E1F"
a2e_hex = a2e_hex .. "405A7F7B5B6C507D4D5D5C4E6B604B61F0F1F2F3F4F5F6F7F8F97A5E4C7E6E6F"
a2e_hex = a2e_hex .. "7CC1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8C9D1D2D3D4D5D6D7D8D9E2E3E4E5E6E7E8E9ADE0BD5F6D"
a2e_hex = a2e_hex .. "79818283848586878889919293949596979899A2A3A4A5A6A7A8A9C04FD0A107"
a2e_hex = a2e_hex .. "202122232415061728292A2B2C090A1B30311A333435360838393A3B04143EE1"
a2e_hex = a2e_hex .. "4142434445464748495152535455565758596263646566676869707172737475"
a2e_hex = a2e_hex .. "767778808A8B8C8D8E8F909A9B9C9D9E9FA0AAABAC4AAEAFB0B1B2B3B4B5B6B7"
a2e_hex = a2e_hex .. "B8B9BABBBC6ABEBFCACBCCCDCECFDADBDCDDDEDFEAEBECEDEEEFFAFBFCFDFEFF"

e2a_hex =			 "000102039C09867F978D8E0B0C0D0E0F101112139D8508871819928F1C1D1E1F"
e2a_hex = e2a_hex .. "80818283840A171B88898A8B8C050607909116939495960498999A9B14159E1A"
e2a_hex = e2a_hex .. "20A0A1A2A3A4A5A6A7A8D52E3C282B7C26A9AAABACADAEAFB0B121242A293B5E"
e2a_hex = e2a_hex .. "2D2FB2B3B4B5B6B7B8B9E52C255F3E3FBABBBCBDBEBFC0C1C2603A2340273D22"
e2a_hex = e2a_hex .. "C3616263646566676869C4C5C6C7C8C9CA6A6B6C6D6E6F707172CBCCCDCECFD0"
e2a_hex = e2a_hex .. "D17E737475767778797AD2D3D45BD6D7D8D9DADBDCDDDEDFE0E1E2E3E45DE6E7"
e2a_hex = e2a_hex .. "7B414243444546474849E8E9EAEBECED7D4A4B4C4D4E4F505152EEEFF0F1F2F3"
e2a_hex = e2a_hex .. "5C9F535455565758595AF4F5F6F7F8F930313233343536373839FAFBFCFDFEFF"

-- Creates the lookup tables needed for conversion
a2e_tbl = bin.pack("H", a2e_hex)
e2a_tbl = bin.pack("H", e2a_hex)

-- Handle EBCDIC/ASCII conversion
StringUtil =
{
	--- Converts an ASCII string to EBCDIC
	--
	-- @param ascii string containing the ASCII value
	-- @return string containing the EBCDIC value
	toEBCDIC = function( ascii )
		local ret = ""

		for i=1, #ascii do
			local val = ascii.byte(ascii,i) + 1
			ret = ret .. a2e_tbl:sub(val, val)
		end
		return ret
	end,

	--- Converts an EBCDIC string to ASCII
	--
	-- @param ebcdic string containing EBCDIC value
	-- @return string containing ASCII value
	toASCII = function( ebcdic )
		local ret = ""
		
		for i=1, #ebcdic do
			local val = ebcdic.byte(ebcdic,i) + 1
			ret = ret .. e2a_tbl:sub(val, val)
		end
		return ret
	end,

	--- Pads a string with a character
	--
	-- @param str string to pad
	-- @param chr char to pad with
	-- @param len the total length of the finnished string
	-- @return str string containing the padded string
	padWithChar = function( str, chr, len )
		if ( len < #str ) then
			return str
		end
		for i=1, (len - #str) do
			str = str .. chr
		end
		return str
	end,
}

return _ENV;